The axumite civilization which heralds the beginning of was. Constitution of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia wipo. Introduction to public health are not appropriate to our. Their sovereignty shall be expressed through their representatives elected in accordance with this constitution and through their direct democratic participation article 9 supremacy of the constitution. Ethnicity serves as the foundation for ethiopia s political parties and is what motivates the constitution s twotiered federal system. Bridging indigenous institutions of governance to modern democracy came into focus. The major military, if not the political, forces responsible for the demise of the dictatorship known as the. Chapterii evolution and historical development of human rights and indian constitution a introduction the concept of human rights has evolved and developed gradually through ages in different parts and religions of the world so as to attain the present status.
The main purpose of this study is to examine the causes, patterns, consequences and policy implications of the ongoing urbanization in ethiopia. Today, the united states constitution is the oldest, written constitution that has continuously remained in effect in the world. It addresses the volatile issues of ethnicity and selfdetermination. The first part of the book embodies various themes on law and development including some elements of projective discourse while the second part deals with specific themes on. Overview of environmental impact assessment in ethiopia. Taking in to account the shortage of teaching learning materials for the course introduction to public health, this.
Historical paradigm chapter i development of documentary constitution section i. Constitutional development in ethiopia volume 10 issue 2 bereket habte selassie. A proposed revision of the 1955 constitution was released in 1974, but it had no legal effect, and was soon forgotten in the events of the ethiopian revolution. The law establishes the conditions of promotion and of development of the national languages. The old shewa province 11 million in general and addis ababa 3 million in. Past and present of political power in ethiopia power. The founders of the constitution were delegates appointed by the state legislatures to represent each states welfare. Situated in the horn of africa, ethiopia is bordered by eritrea to the north, sudan to the west, kenya to the south, somalia to the east and djibouti to the northeast. This development has much political significance especially when viewed in conjunction with the separation of church and state since 1974. This paper tries to explain constitution, constitutionalism and foundation of democracy in ethiopia. A descriptive overview 43 conflict and the ultimate downfall of the dergue military junta in 1991. The united states constitution was constructed on september 17, 1787 after months of conflicting views, heated debates and clashing ideas finally yielded to compromise and thoughtful reconsiderations. The main objective of this research is, therefore, to respond to the search of alternative.
Pdf constitution, constitutionalism and foundation of democracy in. Nevertheless, the lecture note is deemed to be useful for almost all degree and diploma health science students in the university and elsewhere in the country. Ethiopia s 1994 constitution is a direct result of the government pursuing a policy of ethnic democracy. Ethiopian constitution the following english translation of the ethiopian draft constitution is an unofficial draft that has been released to enable members of the international community follow the discussions and forthcoming elections, pending publication of the official translation. Both process and substance are critical for the success of constitutionmaking. A chronology of key events in the history of ethiopia from the 2ndcentury kingdom of axum to the present day. Constitution of ethiopia wikisource, the free online library. The note focuses on what specifically two political. Thus, the eprdf that assumed power in may 1991 after its protracted 17 year armed insurgency undertaken the reconstruction of the ethiopian state. Ethiopia, april 2005 historical background prehistory and aksum. Whether there are any clear weaknesses in the constitution of ethiopia that. Constitution of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia. Ethiopias 1994 constitution is a direct result of the government pursuing a policy of ethnic democracy.
The 1994 constitution reflected both a backlash against the dergs ethnic violence and ethiopia s multitude of ethnic groups. First, it provides statistics about the scale and nature of the urban population change and. All the natives of ethiopia, subjects of the empire, form together the ethiopian empire. Seleshi zeyohannes, constitutional law ii page 3 of 372 part i. On the first election held under the revised constitution see ethiopia observer, vol. It also established the first federal form of government, as well as the first system of checks and balances to prevent any one branch of government from acquiring too much power. Constitution of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia home basic information general information the house of peoples representatives the house of the federation current developments. Pdf overview of environmental impact assessment in ethiopia.
The historical period in which the changes have occurred is known by the name demographic transition, which refers to the process through. Development in transport, expansion of commerce and small manufacturing industries, re. The developmental state and federalism in ethiopia. The peoples democratic republic of elhiopia is a soverei, state whose territory comprisin, the land. Gentile constitution existed in the world before renaissance or modern civilization. In 1987 the new constitution was proclaimed and the peoples democratic republic of ethiopia declared, modeled after the soviet system of government. Constitutional development in ethiopia journal of african law. Chads constitution of 1996 with amendments through 2005. Ancient and medieval documents of constitutional nature. Pdf constitution, constitutionalism and foundation of. Critique of professor clapham habtamu alebachew lecturer recently, i shared my brief outline of a monograph with colleagues and friends across domestic and foreign universities. Historical background it is over three decades since ethiopia adopted a planned approach to development. Thus, all through history, ethiopia has been the center stage of human development in many pivotal ways. It was promulgated in an impressive ceremony held 16 july 1931 in the presence of emperor haile selassie, who had long desired to proclaim one for his country.
Constitution of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia ilo. Law and religion in ethiopia the evolution of a complex. Ethiopia adopted a constitution that creates a twotiered federal structure, which, at least in principle, emphasized ethnic groups rights and the right to selfdetermination. Chads constitution of 1996 with amendments through 2005 historical. Selassie in may 1991, the much hated and brutal militarymarxist dictatorship that traumatized ethiopians for seventeen years was finally overthrown. Ethiopian constitution of 1931 1 chapter i the ethiopian empire and the succession to the throne art. The 1931 constitution of ethiopia was the first modern constitution for ethiopia, intended to officially replace the fetha nagast, which had been the supreme law since the middle ages. The origin and character of ethiopian central institutions can be understood by reference to at least four main factors. Development bank of ethiopia carbon initiative for development cidev component 3 of ethiopia additional financing for energy access project environmental and social management framework esmf for ethiopia offgrid renewable energy program and ethiopia clean cooking energy program final february 2017 addis ababa, ethiopia. Democracy, human rights, and governance ethiopia u. Ethiopias human development index score has steadily increased over the past decade, but its participation and human rights score has remained stagnant. Law and development, and legal pluralism in ethiopia. Any economic and social development activity voluntarily performed by a. The chilot jurisdiction of the emperor of ethiopia, a legal analysis in historical and comparative perspective, 1964, f.
Problems and prospects for democracy by alemante g. This chapter discusses three historical factors coercion, exclusionary rule with ethnic undertones and regional insecurity and three contemporary factors partial rebel grouptopolitical party transition, continued single party dominance and a fusion of political and economic power, that influence ethiopias political settlement. History and ideology 57 selfadministration through regional autonomy. Ethiopias ancient system of feudal government experienced significant changes under haile selassie i reigned 193074, who carefully grafted onto the traditional governing institutions a weak parliament of appointed and elected legislators, a judiciary with modernized civil and criminal codes and a hierarchy of courts, and an executive. The structure of the ethiopian government and the new constitutions ability to overcome ethiopias problems t. He created the workers party of ethiopia wpe in 1984 as ethiopias official marxistleninist party and prepared a new constitution to make ethiopia a marxistleninist peoples republic. The axumite civilization which heralds the beginning of. Retirement programs for certain groups of state and local government employeesmainly teachers, police officers, and fire fightersdate back to the 19th century. National anthem of ethiopia the national anthem of ethiopia, to be determined by law, shall reflect the ideals of the constitution, the commitment of the peoples of ethiopia to live together in a democratic order and of their common destiny. The peoples democratic republic of ethiopia shall, while ae romplishing the national democratic revolution, lay. The gentile constitution, also known as a the tribal constitution is a form of constitutional organization of human society which existed in early stages of human development prehistoric stages of culture.
To this end, the main purpose of this paper is to explain the new democratic constitutional. He created the workers party of ethiopia wpe in 1984 as ethiopia s official marxistleninist party and prepared a new constitution to make ethiopia a marxistleninist peoples republic. The period 1434 1974 the period before 1434 the era of modern codified laws 19311974 written imperial constitutions the civil code of 1960 and other laws ii. In 1992 and 1993, some of the parties left the government. An assessment on the law and practice of womens rights. To oversee the government, the new ruling political party created an 87seat council of representatives, which was made up of several political parties. While election of new leadership of the ruling party has brought forth a surge of optimism in most quarters that democratic space will expand, stability is still fragile as ethnic and identitybased conflict prevails. The long speech he delivered on the occasion of the grant of the constitution was as much an exhortation to the new emperor to adopt constitutional rule as it was a lesson in constitutional law for the benefit of the princes and notables gathered to accept it. Engels in his book the origin of the family, private property and the state divide gentile. The peoples democratic republic of ethiopia shall, while ae romplishing the national democratic revolution, lay the foundation for the. The constitutional history of ethiopia the journal of. We, the nations, nationalities and peoples of ethiopia. The design of a constitution and its process of development can play an important role in peaceful political.
During the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, emperor menelik ii created the current ethiopian state through expansion and conquest. This constitution is an expression of their sovereignty. The historical legacy of inequality and discrimination suffered by women in. The territory of ethiopia, in its entirety, is, from one end to the other, subject to the government of his majesty the emperor. The ethiopia of 2005 is, in all probability, no longer a majority orthodox tewahido nation.
Constitutional history of ethiopia constitutionnet. In addition to the central government, there are nine regional. Constitutional development in ethiopia journal of african. Archaeologists have discovered remains of early hominids in ethiopias rift valley, including australopithecus afarensis, or lucy, thought to be 3. A proposed revision of the 1955 constitution was released in 1974, but it had no legal effect, and was soon forgotten in the events of. Between 1959 and 1961 i worked with an ethiopian research student, getacaw takla maryam, on the constitutional history of ethiopia from the aksumite period first to fourth centuries a. Ethiopian constitution has a provision stating that people affected by development. Strongly committed, in full and free exercise of our right to selfdetermination, to building a political community founded on the rule of law and capable of ensuring a lasting peace, guaranteeing a democratic order, and advancing our economic and social development. Mar 28, 2019 this move began what is known as the transitional government of ethiopia. Constitutional development in ethiopia cambridge university press. Constitutional development in ethiopia volume 10 issue 2 bereket habte selassie skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. However, these pledges were not translated into practice.
1556 335 302 767 868 173 869 1392 8 1560 666 158 1257 372 106 1289 909 247 462 1531 136 781 625 937 1043 1239 892 465 680 1083 562 785 1312 657